Producing gas and coke in chamber ovens



April 9 c. .OTTO El AL PRODUCING GAS AND COKE IN CHAMBER OVENS Filed Nov. 14, 1932 INVENTORS (42L 0770 and Mm 775/? 5 TflE'C/ffL BY 8 MIA W ATTORNEY 1 Patented Apr. 14 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFF-ICE PRODUCING GAS AWD COKE 1N CHAMBER OVENS Carl Otto, Essen, and Walter Stitckel,

Bochum, Germany Application November 14, 1932, Serial No. 642,680 In Germany November 14, 1931 6 Claims.

The invention relates to the production of gas and coke in chamber ovens and has for its object a process by which the gas yield of the ovens is inchambers, the gases being drawn off from the chambers in such a manner, that the said substances, viz. the steam or the like, have to travel a fairly long way through the hot charge of the ating chambers for the production of gas and coke usually have a tall rectangular cross section. In charging the chamber, a space is left free of fuel at top, which is used to draw ofithe distillation gases and usually communicates, adjacent one of its ends, with an ascension or gas-ofi-take pipe. This upper gas collecting space is especially adapted for the supply of the substances to be converted according to the invention, such as steam, tar orthe like, and for their distribution on the hot charge of the oven chamber, provided this upper. space is shut oil in a suitable manner during the conversion process from the ascension pipe, for example by means of a partition, or provided the substances to be converted are forced in another way not to enter directly from the upper gas collecting chamber into the ascension pipe, but to travel previous to this escapement an adequately long way through the coal cake.

Now the present invention affords a means for forcing the substances to be converted to travel such a way. To this end, according to the invention, a nozzle is provided through which these substances are fed to the upper gas collecting space of the coking chamber, and the outletopening of the nozzle is turned away from the ascension pipe of the respective chamber so that the substances are blown out in a direction opposite to that which the distillation gases otherwise follow streaming towards the ascension pipe. If this nozzle is in tained a greater pressure is produced in the great e'r portion of the upper gas collecting space than it prevails in the remaining portion thereof, to which the ascension pipe is connected, so that a certain circulation of the substances to be converted is obtained by this pressure difi'erence.

'Iihe substances to be converted need not stream out of the nozzle in an exact horizontal direction, on the contrary, it may be of advantage to give the stream a slight inclination, that is to supply them downward at a slight angle to the horizontal.

The substances then better penetrate in the hot coal'cake.

Obviously, with the quantity of substances to be converted supplied to the upper gas collecting space in the unit of time also increases the pressure above atmospheric prevailing in said space. Since this space is inclosed by refractory brickwork of a nature so as to allow a certain transition of gases, not too high pressures above atmospheric must act on it. In order, however, to supply, despite this, large quantities of these sub.- stances to the upper gas collecting space, it has been proved advantageous to provide two or more supply nozzles one behind the other in the upper gas collecting space. If for instance'two nozzles are provided, the possibility is given, by an adequate supply of steam to that nozzle which is nearest to the ascension pipe, to influence the pressure prevailing in the vicinity of the ascension pipe without the efiect of the other nozzle and thus the quantity of steam supply by the latter being altered. Furthermore, by correspondingly regulating the nozzle which is nearest to the ascension pipe, the pressure prevailing in the vicinity of the latter can be kept constant but the quantity of steam fed through the other nozzle can be varied within wide limits. Probably, the

' efiect of a second nozzle is due to the fact that with increasing supply also the suction effect of the first nozzle increases correspondingly, but that the drop of pressure thus produced by the effect of this nozzle can be compensated for behind the nozzle by a suitable steam supply through the second nozzle.

The nozzle may be designed in a manner so as to supply simultaneously steam and a carbureting agent into the upper gas collecting space, but it is advisable to withhold the supply of tar and oils until the charge of the respective chamber has cooled down to a temperature of about 900 centigrade by the mere supply of steam and the endothermic formation of water gas thus caused. With some carbureting agent it has proved advantageous to convert the steam and the carbureting agent successively and separate- 1y, because it may happen that these two conversion processes disturb one another. If two nozzles are provided the one nearer to the ascension pipe may serve for spraying tar upon the glowing surface of coke while steam is introduced through the other nozzle. The means for supplying the steam and the tar may further be designed in such a manner that the substances to be converted are preheated by the heat radiated by the hot Walls of the coking chamber. I

By the generation of Water gas in the cooking chamber not only is the advantage afforded oi the gas yield of the charge being increased, but also the further advantagethat part of the sulphur existing in the coke is converted sulphur containing acid by the hydrogen in a nascent state and is taken up by the gas, from which it can easily be separated in any suitable known manner. In this way the sulphur percentage of the coke is lowered, which is of very great importance for the use of the coke formetallurgical purposes.

Apparatus for use in the practice of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section on the longitudinal central plane of an intermittently operating horizontal coking chamber; and Fig. is a partial section, taken similarly to Fig. 1, illustrating a form of injection nozzle differing from the nozzles shown in Fig. 1.

In the drawing, a are the doors at the end of an oven chamber containing a charge b and having a gas collection space 0 above the charge. As shown the gases pass out of the chamber through an ascension pipe d to the collecting main e, the

ascension pipe being connected to the space 0- adjacent one end of the latter. A plurality of charging openings 71. are formed in the top wall 9 of the chamber, the openings being distributed along the length of the chamber. As shown, there are two nozzles i in the gas collecting space cIeach nozzle being at the ends of a corresponding branch m from piping m, individual to the oven chamber end connected through a valve is to a supply pipe n. The said branch pipes pass axially through special covers 1 'for the corresponding charging openings, h. As shown, the pipe branch to which one of the nozzles 2 15 connected, extends through the charging opening in adjacent the end of the oven chamber at which the ascension pipe is located, and the branch pipe carrying the other nozzle 2' extends, through the adjacent charging opening. The branch pipes m are bent so that the stream of fluid discharged by each nozzle i into the gas collection space 0 is directed away from the end of the chamber at which the ascension pipe is located.

, As indicated by the arrows, each stream is slightly inclined downwardly, sothat the fluid discharged impinges against the top of the charge 17 along approximately the entire length of the space 0 except for a portion adjacent the ascension pipe. The direction of gas flow through the charge is indicated by the arrows.

In operation, the nozzles are not inserted into the oven chamber until after the charge therein has reached a temperature of 900 or.1,000 C. When the nozzles are inserted the special covers I replace the regular covers I previously closing the charging openings h through which the nozzles are inserted. The fluid supplied by the pipe m through the nozzles 1' may be steam or some carbureting agent such as tar, oil or other and coke from a charge of solid carbonizable material by heating said charge to a temperature above 900 centigradc in a chamber having an upper gas collecting space, said process consisting in first introducing steam into the upper gas collecting space of the chamber until the temperature of the charge of the chamber has lowered to about 900 centigrade, and thereupon introducing tar in finely divided state.

2. The process of increasing the gas yield in the operation of a chamber oven producing gas and coke from a charge of solid carbonizable material by heating said charge to a temperature above 900 centigrade in a chamber having an upper gas collecting space, said process consisting in first introducing steam into the upper gas collecting space of the chamber until the temperature of the charge of the chamber has lowered to about 900 centigrade, and thereupon alternatively introducing tar in finely divided state and steam.

3. The process of increasing the'gas yield in the operation of a chamber oven producing gas and coke from a charge of solid carbonizable material by heating said charge to a carbonizing temperature in a chamber having an upper gas collecting space, which consists in withdrawing from a localized portion of said space gas entering the latter from the subjacent charge while the latter is heated to a carbonizing temperature, and simultaneously introducing into said space a substance'in vaporous form and adapted to react with the hot charge and thereby form gas, said substance being introduced into said space partly, at least, in a stream directed away from said localized portion, and creating a pressure in the portion of said space entered by said stream which is higher than the pressure in said localized portion, whereby a gas flow, downward into the charge from the portion of said space in which the pressure is increased by said stream and upward from the charge into said localized portion of said space, is produced.

4. The process of increasing the gas yield in the operation of a chamber oven producing gas and coke from a charge of solid carbonizable material by heating said charge to a carbonizing temperature in a chamber having an upper gas collecting space, which consists in withdrawing from a localized portion of said space gas entering the latter from the subjacent charge while the latter-is heated to a carbonizing temperature and simultaneously introducing into said space a substance in vaporous form and adapted to react with the hot charge and thereby form gas, said substance being introduced into said space partly, at least, in a stream directed away from said localized portion and downwardly inclined, and creating a pressure in the portion of said space entered by said stream which is higher than the pressure in said localized portion, wherecharge into said localized portion of said space, is produced.

5. The process of increasing the gas yield in the operation of a chamber oven producing gas and coke from a charge of solid carbonizable ma: terial by heating said charge to a carbonizing temperature in a chamber having an upper gas collecting space, which consists in withdrawing from a localized portion of said space gas entering the iatterfrom the subjacent charge while the latter is heated to a carbonizing temperature and simultaneously introducing into said space a substance in vaporous form and adapted to react with the hot charge and thereby form gas. said substance being introduced in two streams entering said space at different distances from, and each directed away from said localized portion, and creating a pressure in the portion of said space entered by saldstreams which is higher than the pressure in said localized portion, whereby a gas flow, downward into the charge from the portion of said space in which the pressure is increased by said streams and upward from the charge into said localized portion of said space, is produced.

6. The process of increasing the gas yield in the operation of a chamber oven producing gas and coke from a charge of solid carbonizable material by heating said charge to a carbonizing temperature in a chamber having an upper gas collecting space, which consists in withdrawing from a localized portion of said space gas entering the latter from the subjacent charge while the latter is heated to a carbonizing temperature and simultaneously introducing a stream of steam and a stream of finely divided tar into portions of said space displaced from said localized portion by greater and lesser distances respectively, each or said streams being directed away from said localized portion, and creating a pressure in the portion of said space entered-by said streams which is higher than the pressure in said localized portion, whereby a gas flow, downward into the charge from the portion of said space in which the pressure is increased by said streams and upward from the charge into said localized portion of said space, is produced.

CARL OTTO.

WALTER s'rilcm. as 

